Langston Hughes: Historical Perspective Essay

The two sonnets that I decided to expound on are â€Å"The Negro Mother† and â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes. Both of these sonnets are about a mother addressing her youngsters and discussing the difficult situations that she has experienced previously. On the off chance that we read these sonnets it’s especially enlightening us regarding history and the things that individuals of color needed to suffer back in the days. Numerous individuals can see it as her addressing her kids or to her child straightforwardly however I consider it to be her addressing the dark offspring of society. The Negro Mother is where a mother is addressing her youngsters about her battles and helping them to remember her progenitors and their days as a slave â€Å"I am the person who toiled as a slave, beaten and abused for the work that I gave† (Hughes, 2012, Line 11). Toward the start of the sonnet she starts to recount the appalling things and how terrible things were nevertheless at that point begins to reveal to her kids a kind of expectation and letting them know â€Å"Stand like free men supporting my trust. Trust morally justified, let none push you back. † (Hughes, 2012, Line 36). In the sonnet Mother to Son, we have the comparable topic where the mother discusses her battles throughout everyday life. She depicts her life as steps and says that her â€Å"life for me ain’t been no precious stone step. † (Hughes, 2012, Line 2) Just like on the principal sonnet she keeps on empowering her child and letting him know never to surrender. â€Å"don’t you fall now-for I’se still goin’ nectar. I’se still climbin’† (Hughes, 2012, Line 17). What I thought she implied here is don’t surrender in light of the fact that after all that I have experienced, I am as yet going. <p

The benefits and negatives of hiring temporary workers Essay

The advantages and negatives of employing impermanent specialists - Essay Example In this investigation, a few things will be thought of while breaking down the cost viability of impermanent specialists. Initial, a general investigation of the advantages just as the disadvantages of transitory laborers will be introduced in contrast with the recruiting of full-time workers. The introduction of this investigation will show that recruiting brief laborers is, truth be told, increasingly advantageous for organizations when attempting to reduce expenses. Impermanent laborers take into account organizations to adjust to fluctuating markets, and give them some control in an economy that has not given a lot of acquiring motivating force. So as to determine this and to adjust to evolving times, impermanent laborers can be recruited and kept up by organizations for whatever length of time that required. Gifted unexpected specialists are remembered for this investigation. While gifted unforeseen laborers are frequently paid more than other transitory specialists, and regular ly more than all day laborers too, their utilization despite everything permits the organization to set aside cash. This is on the grounds that they are generally welcomed on for transient ventures, and afterward discharged when the tasks are finished. The enormous pay rates or time-based compensations earned by talented unexpected specialists in this manner will end, and the organization can come back to typical consumption. There would in this manner be no compelling reason to welcome on another full-time representative to deal with certain talented circumstances that are required for explicit timeframes just, and this has assisted with minimizing expenses for some organizations. This examination inspected three organizations all through a one year, four quarter period. Expenses were examined and decided as the organizations changed into utilizing an ever increasing number of unforeseen laborers. The aftereffects of this investigation exhibit that organizations accomplished cost-cutting outcomes that expanded each quarter for each organization that took part in the examination. Thusly, this investigation assists with demonstrating that impermanent specialists, regardless of whether talented or not, can be utilized to help cut the expenses of organization funds. Results Who are the Temporary Workers Similarly as boss interest for impermanent laborers increments during times of vulnerability, numerous specialists look for brief work because of fleeting or dubious conditions. Such specialists may incorporate educators and understudies out of school for the mid year or other excursion periods, or people entering or leaving the work power step by step. Ladies and youthful people are more probable than others to encounter these passing conditions. Subsequently, it ought not be amazing that there was an excessively high convergence of the two gatherings utilized by impermanent assistance flexibly offices in May 1985. Just about 66% of the business' work power were ladies, as opposed to their 2 of 5 extent of all pay and pay employments. This distinction unmistakably mirrors the advantages offered to numerous ladies by the transitory assist gracefully with adjusting industry, especially the mix of adaptable work routines and the chance to get required understanding and employment showc ase presentation. Furthermore, the industry has an enormous number of regulatory help occupations, and a lopsided number of ladies are generally utilized in such administrative positions.Women with family obligations are especially pulled in to brief business since it gives the adaptable work routines that permit them to accommodate work outside the home with family responsibilities. Ladies who reemerge the work power after a long nonappearance may incline toward transitory occupations until they can discover reasonable lasting business. Work through a transitory assistance flexibly organization empowers them to test the market by examining a scope of workplaces until they locate the correct business circumstance. Simultaneously, impermanent business permits these laborers to secure required aptitudes and experience while building certainty and expanding their

Lifetime Speech free essay sample

Me and my dad consistently had our different courses in school. Each time I would show him my report card; hed either chasten me or rebuff me. It was around the second quarter of junior year when my dad got my report card; and for once he didnt holler. He basically said child I have to have a word with you about this. You could envision what was running in my mind, God help us here it comes here it comes. Rather, instead of raising his voice, he said child, I realize you could improve. School isnt a joke. You need to figure out how to invest the time and energy into contemplating. I just need you to show improvement over I did. My dad was a cop for a long time, and he never needed us to resemble him. In my psyche, it was the main thing that I expected to hear. We will compose a custom article test on Lifetime Speech or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page You could improve. I improved. I at long last felt sure. It helped me understand that there is a future hanging tight for me, and that my folks at last remember me as a grown-up; and not a kid. With those words as my proverb, I triumphed through my last a very long time in secondary school.

Work Sheet Developing Literary Criticism Skills - 1100 Words

Work Sheet: Developing Literary Criticism Skills (Essay Sample) Content: Developing Literary Criticism SkillsStudents NameAffiliated UniversityLiterary techniques are not universal or necessary constituents of literature in the sense that not all works contain instances of them example are similes and also irony. Techniques for literature are commonly used in creative writing. They make the written content to be colorful and more interesting. There are several literary techniques used by Stanton and Mott when they wrote the book that is referred as feminist. Stanton and Mott used flashback which means a transition in film or a story or an event to an earlier time. They talk about the history of feminism, the challenges women faced and what they had faced in their early experiences thats why they had formed movement for women rights. There is also the use of imagery she enables the readers to create images of unfair treatment to women unlike men that is where she concluded that men and women are equal and they should be treated equally.Ens lers and Stanton and Mott works have deepened my understanding social change through showing us how the women had faced a lot of challenges in the societies because their rights werent considered. They formed women right movements to create awareness of women rights to be implemented by everyone and informed people through writing a book which is called feminism which talked about the history of women in the past and their experiences which were challenging to them they wanted to change how women were treated in the community. Their movement resulted in changes in the society and men and women are treated equally in the modern society. Hence, this has contributed to my own social change vision.Literacy analysis is the understanding the techniques that make literary work effective. While writing a literary analysis essay you focus on how to plot or structure, character, setting and many other techniq...

Bless Me Ultima Reflection Essay - 1395 Words

Life is not about living and dying, but the masterpiece that glistens on your journey and the impact you left behind. We face experiences that can help us grow or just completely shatter us. Either the experience being pleasant or hurtful, it may give the urge to ask questions about everything that surrounds your life. These experiences can be so powerful that you question your entire existence. In Bless Me Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya, Antonio Mà ¡rez goes through many hardships that he endures throughout the plot which sparks many questions upon to himself. Being at a young age and coming up against such horrific experiences there is no doubt a young mind would have the need to seek answers as to why something like this would†¦show more content†¦I asked. That is not for us to say, Antonio. The war sickness was not taken out of him, he did not know what he was doing.†. Since Ultima apprehends that what Lupito did isn’t his fault, but what the war did to him, to l ose sanity and become someone he didn’t want to ripen as. Even though he wonders for Lupito’s forgiveness, the fundamentals of his religion contradicts his thoughts which increases his religious ambivalence. As time progresses, this conflicts becomes greater, which causes Antonio to fall in more doubt. As he journeys through the bridge of innocence to experience, he realizes more injustices with his interactions amongst other characters. Narciso, considered the town drunk, can be acknowledged as a sinner. Even though a person can have various flaws, they can still have valuable qualities that outlook their mistakes. Narciso had fought with Tenorio, barber of El Puerto, who was now bound to seek revenge on Ultima, because he was certain she is to blame for his daughter’s death. Narciso without a hesitation knew he had to warn Ultima, walking though the blizzard with Antonio behind unnoticed by him, moments later Tenorio shot Narciso, and he fell by Juniper tree. (Anaya 170), after Tony had approached Narciso, â€Å"I looked at the wound on the chest and saw blood stop flowing; rage and protest filled me. I wanted to cry out in the storm that it was not fair that Narciso died for doing good, that it was not fair for a mere boy to be at

The Number Of Teenagers Under Eighteen Arrested For Murder

The number of teenagers under eighteen arrested for murder has risen over one hundred fifty percent from 1985 to 1994. Again, it has risen over one hundred fifty percent. That is a very large increase. Juvenile offenders should be tried as adults because juvenile crimes are equally horrendous as an adults’; however, instead of just looking at the offender’s biological age, courts should consider their mental age along with trying to provide therapy/rehabilitation rather than incarceration. To start, there are certain charges and consequences offenders could face. There are two kinds of offenses: status and delinquency. Status is not a crime if an adult commits it, such as school trauncy, running away from home, and possession of†¦show more content†¦This shows how factors influence the young adolescence. â€Å"Of those children, youth, and young adults, a large number (65-70 percent) have at least one diagnosable mental health need, and 20-25 percent have serious emotional issues...over two-thirds of youth involved with the juvenile system experience mental health problems, most of whom can be safely and more effectively treated in community settings than in the juvenile justice system† (Smith). Many of the offenders suffer from a mental health need which are usually diagnosable. Also, peer pressure, poor educational engagement, drug use and gang culture. Most of the juveniles have a background of significant trauma such as deprivation and abuse (McColluch). Those are more factors that could influence youth into crime. â€Å"Neglect likely plays a critical rile in continued offending as parental monitoring, parent rejection and family relationships are instrumental in explaining juvenile conduct problems† (Ryan). In addition to the outside world, juveniles’ home life could impact them as well. Most offenders have some sort of trauma that could have come from their parents/family. The juvenile system needs to be reformed because it is not effective. â€Å"Those who ended up being sentenced to juvenile prison were 37 times more likely to be arrested again asShow MoreRelatedMedia Violence1142 Words   |  5 Pagesabout 200,000 acts of violence and 25,000 murders on television by the time they reach age eighteen. (Schleifer 18) Arrests of people under the age of eighteen for violent crimes rose forty-seven percent from 1988 to 1992. (Miller 174) The American Medical Association conducted a study that found a direct relationship between viewing and homicide. (Miller 176) Does this kind of overexposure to violence have a significant effect on children and teenagers? The answer is yes! Many reliable sourcesRead MoreCriminal Crime : A Crime, Assault, Burglary, And Assault1476 Words   |  6 Pagescrime is characterized by the Department of Justice as â€Å"crime, assault, burglary, and attack† (Legal Dictionary). According to the Uniform Crime Report, prope rty crime is number one of the crimes committed by persons under the age of 18. Property crime is also high in numbers for children age 15 and under. Although juveniles arrested for violent crimes have decreased from 2013 to 2014 by 3.8 percent, these crimes are still being committed (Uniform Crime Report, 2014). It is of society’s declarationRead MoreEssay on Juveniles Tried as Adults1272 Words   |  6 PagesJuveniles Tried As Adults Thirteen-year-old boy, Cristian Fernandez of Jacksonville, Florida was born on January 14 of 1999 to a mother who was as old as he is today. On March 15 2011, he was arrested relating to the alleged beating of his 2-year-old brother, David. At the time of his arrest, David was under care of St. Luke’s Hospital, receiving treatment for injuries he sustained the day before. It states that Cristian shoved his 2-year-old brother against a bookshelf, causing the young childRead MoreThe Constitutionality Of The Death Penalty1270 Words   |  6 Pagessuspension to a reinstating and individual statutes throughout the 50 states. One of the most controversial of the Supreme Court cases involving the death penalty is Roper v. Simmons. In 2005, the Supreme Court ruled that the execution of people who were under 18 at the time of their crimes violates the federal constitutional guarantee against cruel and unusual punishments. In making its decision, the Court considered both the emerg ing national consensus and psychological organizations citing new evidenceRead MoreJuvenile Justice2455 Words   |  10 Pagesthirty-eight percent of those arrested for weapons offenses in 1995 were under the age of eighteen (Curriden 66). In the same report, the Bureau of Justice Statistics stated that in 1995 3 out of every 100 eighteen-year-olds was arrested for weapons offenses. A rate three times higher than for males twenty-five to twenty-nine and five times higher than for males thirty to thirty-four (66). Just weeks later the FBI released a report indicating that arrests for youths under eighteen increased by seven percentRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Is Locking Our Young Men And Young Women Under Juveniles1885 Words   |  8 Pages The criminal justice system is locking our young men and young women under the age of sixteen in prison for the rest of their lives. These are children who are just becoming teenagers and still have the possibility of living production lives. These are children who make the wrong decision because of impulse or persuasion. Have we lost hope in our youth of tomorrow.? Do we just give up on our kids because they make a mistake? Does placing a child in an adult prison decrease crime among juvenilesRead More juvenile crime Essay2358 Words   |  10 Pagesthose arrested for weapons offenses in 1995 were under the age of eighteen (Curriden). In the same report, the Bureau of Justice Statistics stated that in 1995, 3 out of every 100 eighteen-year-olds were arrested for weapons offenses. A r ate three times higher than for males twenty-five to twenty-nine and five times higher than for males thirty to thirty-four (Curriden). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Just weeks later the FBI released a report indicating that arrests for youths under eighteen increasedRead MoreShould Juveniles be Transferred to Adult Courts? Essay examples2152 Words   |  9 Pagesvalue of human life and respect for others. Fear of crime, especially random violence and new wave of superpredators by young Americans, is among the nations greatest concerns (Lacayo 28). It has served as the motivation for countless numbers of people to change their lifestyles, take self-defense classes, install home security systems, and carry handguns for protection. Moreover, fear of crime has influenced politicians and laypersons to adopt the position that a conservative justiceRead MoreSerial Killers : The Serial Killer Essay2076 Words   |  9 Pageschosen because this serial killing pair is the most infamous English serial killers duo in the 1990s. Fred and Rosemary West were not convicted of all the murders they participated in; however, they were sentenced to life imprisonment. Also, this case is interesting because Rosemary West, to this day, does not claim to know anything about the murders even though she has victims that survived her attacks and have spoken against her in court. These serial killers have been covered by the media. In EnglandRead MoreCell Phones, Sexting and Teenagers2233 Words   |  9 PagesI. INTRODUCTION A. Cell Phones, Sexting, and Teenagers The personal cell phone unheard of in the beginning of the last century, has forever changed the way people communicate. Some of our nation’s teenagers are being caught in the crossfire between technology and the law. Teenagers are charged with possession and distribution of child pornography when caught using cell phone technology to share with others intimate, provocative, seductive, or sexually explicit photos of themselves. Radley Balko

Categories of Computer Crimes free essay sample

Computer crimes are criminal activities that involve using a computer and a network to gain unauthorized access with the intent of deleting, altering, or damaging computer data. Due to them being extremely versatile, establishing criminal and noncriminal behavior when in use can be very difficult at times. â€Å"According to the U. S. Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics, by 2000 more than 300 million users around the globe accessed the World Wide Web. Of those, at least 1 million were engaged in illegal Internet activities (computer crime or cyber-crime). Cyber-crimes include Internet-related forgery, embezzlement, fraud, vandalism, and the disposal of stolen goods. The potential threat to the overall development of e-commerce was serious—so much that online security expenditures were expected to double to $30 billion in 2004† (Computer Crime – Definitions). The four most common categories of computer crimes are infrastructure attacks, technological facilitation, information attacks, and promotion. Due to cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure companies being on the rise, I believe this presents the greatest threat at the present time. We will write a custom essay sample on Categories of Computer Crimes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It allows damage to be done to services, facilities, and organizational structures needed for society to operate. The most well know event that caused pure devastation was the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon. In order to prevent more incidents happening, all non-military planes were grounded and there was a great amount of response from law enforcement and medical rescue. This has gone beyond just a government problem; there is a need for private organizations to get involved as well. The FBI needs to continue working closely with other agencies and most importantly, the owners operators of infrastructures. More outreach, informative websites, and training needs to be implemented as well. â€Å"Information technology has played a great role in the emergence of networked terrorist groups, such as al Qaeda and Jemmah Islamiyiah† (Taylor, Fritsch, Liederbach, Holt, 2011, p. 27). Although this made their chances of being discovered greater, communicating through the internet is an easy and effective way to facilitate an attack. There are many tools widely available that are harmful and do not require a high degree of technical skill. Any attempt to steal, or gain unauthorized access to make use of it, is known as an information attack. Although less destructive, it can still result in major damages or loss. In the technology field, this has added a lot of pressure to computer programmers in order to create more effective safeguards. It is important that users always update virus protection to keep their data safe from viruses. Hackers will try to get a hold of personal data such as a social security number, or even financial information. For terrorists, the internet is widely used for propaganda and recruitment purposes. In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks in USA, September 11, 2001, as the U. S. -led retaliation was building up, various news media was reporting the â€Å"propaganda battle†, on both sides, even using those words. (For example, in UK, there was the Channel 4 news that mentioned it at least once on October 8, 2001 in their 7pm broadcast, while Sky News said similar things on October 9, 2001 in their 10:30pm broadcast)† (Shah, 2007). Bin Laden used propaganda to instill hatred and to convince his views to the Muslim world, while western propaganda wanted to retaliate by correcting those misleading statements. Every day, technology plays an increasing role in the criminal justice by offering new opportunities and challenges. It advances the world along with the criminal justice system, making crimes harder to perpetrate. This union will continue to challenge us as to how information is turned into knowledge, which uses this knowledge and what the purposes are. In conclusion, there has been a lot of contribution to increased crime, and the difficulty in detecting and solving crime. I hope that society will recognize the seriousness of computer crime and demand more sever punishments for such criminals.

Copernicus- Rebellion Essay Example

Copernicus- Rebellion Essay In the late 1400s to the mid 1500s, people believed that the earth was the center of the universe. Ptolemy stated that the Earth was stationary and that the sun, moon, planets, and stars revolved around imaginary points, which in turn revolved around the Earth. Copernicus knew that nature acted in the simplest ways, so he questioned why the planets would move in such a ponderous scheme of circles (Bolton 5). Copernicus made long and careful observations of the stars and planets throughout most of his life and was convinced that the geocentric theory of the universe was incorrect (Siedel 26). Afraid to denounce his theory, Copernicus did not publish the book of his theories, Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, until four weeks before his death on May 24, 1543 (Siedel 27).Copernicus was skeptical to the thinking during the time he was alive because Aristotle and Ptolemys theories of the universe were based on religion and gods. As predictions made in agreement to their theories became more and more inaccurate, Copernicus searched for an explanation that was closer in agreement with his observations of the planets and stars. Copernicus rebelled against the powers that be by studying heavenly bodies in accordance to his own theory and publishing volumes that completely contradicted the beliefs of the people of the Middle Ages: In the midst of all dwells the sun. In 1543, European thought was dominated by the theories of Aristotle, who centuries before had divided the world into two separate entities: one changeable and corruptible, inhabited by man, and the other indestructible and inhabited by gods. The geocentric theory of the universe was also such a cornerstone of the medieval Christian faith that to challenge it was the same as arguing with the scriptures (Siedel 26). Ptolemys theory was so entwined with matters of the church and scriptures that it remained absolutely unquestioned for 1400 ye

Netmeeting Instructions Essays - User Interface Techniques

Netmeeting Instructions Essays - User Interface Techniques Netmeeting Instructions On the 'Call' menu, click 'Host Meeting'. Name the conference, assign a password, and click to select the appropriate check boxes. On the 'Call' menu, click 'New Call'. Add all of the appropriate people to the meeting call. 1) Click the 'Start' button on the taskbar, point to 'Programs', and then click 'NetMeeting'. NOTE: When using Windows 2000, it may be necessary to point to 'Programs', point to 'Accessories', point to 'Communications', and then click 'NetMeeting'. 2) On the 'Call' menu, click 'Host Meeting'. 3) In the 'Host Meeting' dialog box, type the appropriate information in the 'Meeting Name' and 'Meeting Password' boxes. NOTE: The meeting password is only used if you require security for people calling into the meeting. They must be informed what the password for the meeting is prior to the meeting time. If the host is placing all of the calls to the participants, a password is unnecessary. 4) Under 'Meeting Settings' and 'Meeting Tools', click to select the appropriate check boxes, and then click 'OK'. Meeting settings 5) For each person to be added to the meeting: a) Click the 'Place Call' button. 'Place Call' button b) In the 'Place a Call' dialog box, in the 'To' box, type or click a name, and then click 'Call'. (Each person added to the call will be shown in the list box.) NOTE: As a person is added to the call, a 'Meeting Properties' dialog box will appear on their PC, informing them of the meeting name, and tools or actions that will or will not be accessible to them. The settings will remain active until the host hangs up the call. To review the settings at any time, on the 'Call' menu, click 'Meeting Properties'. ils.microsoft.com/

Qualitative and Quantitative Perspectives in Conducting Research Essay

Qualitative and Quantitative Perspectives in Conducting Research - Essay Example There is a relevant connection that exists between qualitative and quantitative approaches as far as research in social science is concerned and the relationship has been empirically and theoretically demonstrated by many researchers that have dealt with different issues(Ragin, 2008). The recent years have been saturated with widespread debate within the social sciences that is associated with the relative advantages in respect to qualitative and quantitative strategies for research, and the opinions different researchers have vary significantly. There is a section that considers the two methods to be totally independent and in relation to the unconventionalideas, there is a section that prefers to blend both approaches in their research activities. Bryman (1998) advocated an approach that would entail the best parts of both approaches and was therefore of the opinion that both qualitative as well as quantitative approaches should be combined.`According to Niglas (2000), none of the variations that are in existence between quantitative and qualitative methodologies are the form of diametric contradictory practices but instead constitute a continuous scale which qualitative and quantitative research are not arranged in a manner that is basic. Secondly, there still exists quite a good number of researchers that are inclined towards the qualitative approach who take a realist ontological position and quantitative researchers whose ontological position is associated with idealism and relativism that associated with realism.

Oriented Programming and Software Engineering Essay

Oriented Programming and Software Engineering - Essay Example According to Lock (2007), excusable delays are delays that are beyond control of both the owner and the contractors. Excusable delays are caused by natural and man-made calamities such as severe weather, fires and floods as well as transport delays and labour strikes that are beyond control of both the project owner and the contractor. Concurrent delays are project delays arising from delaying two or more projects within a specified time frame and are caused by contractor or owners events. The aggrieved party can claim damages from the other. Compensable delays are project delays that require one party to the contract to demand damages from the party that caused the delays. Damages are paid due to increased project costs caused by increased crew size and cost of raw materials as well as loss of productivity as a result of interrupted work sequence. The effects of projects delays include increased cost of the projects; deny owner and contractors other business opportunities and cause tempers (Assaf and Al-Hejji 2009). Time management techniques that this research will address include critical path method, non-delay approach, precedence requirement, optimal timing and project crashing (Mishra and Soota 2006). 4.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT Assaf and Al-Hejji (2006) ascertained that 70 percent of construction projects in Saudi Arabia experience time overruns. According to Levy (2009), project delays result in increased cost of the project, dissatisfaction, lost opportunities and escalated tempers. It also dampens reputation of the contractor and may negatively influence future awards of projects. The cost of delays is significant to both the contractor and the owner. Increased in cost of delayed project is attributed to escalating cost of construction materials, equipment and office rental, and labour because project cost are time related. Therefore, there is need to minimise construction projects delays 4.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH First, the research will provide insight into the causes and effects of project delays and recommends how project delays can be reduced. Therefore, it will be helpful to experts in construction industry. Secondly, findings of the research will form the basis of literature review for scholars who will find it useful in their future study of the industry. Thirdly, it will increase my understanding and insight in construction projects. 5.0 RESEARCH QUESTIONS What are critical factors that delay projects? What are the effects of activity delays in project management? Which time management techniques promote time execution of project tasks? 6.0 DATA COLLECTION 6.1 DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Primary data will be collected to identify factors and assess effects of time delays in construction projects as well as assess various time management techniques. Three research assistants will be engaged in distribution and collection of data. Data will be collected from project locations. The whole research will take a hundred and twent y days. 6.2 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT (QUESTIONNAIRE) 6.2.1 QUESTIONNAIRE CONSTRUCTION The questionnaire will be developed to obtain

Conditions for Equilibrium Essay Example for Free

Conditions for Equilibrium Essay When we say equilibrium, it is a state of balance. It is a condition where there is no change in the state of motion of a body. Equilibrium also may be at rest or moving within a constant velocity. A simple mechanical body is said to be in equilibrium if no part of it is accelerating, unless it is disturbed by an outside force. Two conditions for equilibrium are that the net force acting on the object is zero, and the net torque acting on the object is zero. Thus, the following objectives were emphasized in this experiment: to determine the equilibrant force using the force table and the omponent method, to determine the unknown forces using the first condition and second conditions for equilibrium, to locate the centre of gravity of a composite body, and to demonstrate rational equilibrium. 2. Theory Equilibrant is equal in magnitude to the resultant but oppositely directed. The first condition of equilibrium is when a body at rest or moving with uniform velocity has zero acceleration. The center of Gravity is the point where the weight of a body is assumed concentrate. The second condition of equilibrium is satisfied when the sum f all torques acting on an object about any axis equals zero. In activity 1, TA or the tension acting on the string is the weight of the pan A plus the weight added to it and multiplied to 9. 8 m/s2 TB or the tension acting on the string is the weight of the pan B plus the weight added to it and multiplied to 9. 8 m/s2 Experimental Equilibrant is the weight of the pan A plus the weight added to it. Theoretical Equilibrant= % Error = Exp. Theoretical X 100 Theoretical In activity 2, the equation Tl T2 cos e = O was used. From the equation, was derived to get the value ofT2 where, Tl is the reading on he spring scale when the pin is exactly at the middle of the ring e is the angle of the string makes with the horizontal Experimental Weight = T2 sin e Theoretical Weight= In activity 3, to check the results, the actual computation of center of gravity was used. Where XC and YC are the coordinates of the center of gravity of the circle, XS and YS of the center of gravity of the composite fgure. In activity 4, the equation was used, where, Xl is the length of the cylinder used X2 is the length of the center of gravity of the cylinder. And X3 is the length of the cylinder minus the 5. 0 cm. . Methodology There are 4 different kinds of activity in the experiment to determine the conditions for equilibrium. The materials used were the following: Force table and accessories, force board, cylinder of unknown weight, spring scale, electronic gram balance, card board, aluminum bar, cylinder of unknown weight, and protractor. For activity 1, the group used a force table, its three pans and accessories. The three pans were weighed and labeled as A, B and C. Pan A was hung at 30 degree mark and a 100g was placed on it whereas on pan B a150 g was placed and was hung at 200 degree mark. The group balanced the two tensions in the strings by placing weight on the pan C or adjusting its position in the force table to obtain the magnitude and position of the equilibrant. The theoretical equilibrant of the two tensions was solved using the component method. The group then computed the % error using the values obtained by the component method as your accepted value for magnitude as well as direction. Figure 1: Set-up for activity 1 For activity 2, a cylinder of unknown weight was suspended on the force board by means of two strings. A spring scale was then attached to one of the strings. One member of the group pulled the string horizontally until the pin was exactly at the middle of the ring. The reading on the spring scale was recorded as Tl . Another member of the group measured the angle that the other string makes with the horizontal and solved for the tension T2 of the other spring and the weight of a cylinder. Percent error was computed after. For activity 3, the group used a circle of diameter 10cm and a square of side 10 cm from the card board. The circle and the square was weighed and recorded as wc and Ws. The group determined the center f gravity of the composite fgure by using the balancing method and composite method. In balancing method, a pen was placed in the middle of the composite figure wherein the plumb method, the group used a string with a coin at the end then hung it from any point and measured where it intersects on the composite fgure. Figure 2: Balancing Method Figure 3: Plumbing Method For activity 4, the group first located the center of gravity of the aluminum bar by balancing it on a pencil. The cylinder used in activity 2 was hung 5. 0 cm from one end of the bar. Using the force board, the aluminum bar was supported by means of spring scale on the end and a string on the other end until the bar assumes a horizontal position. The group used the second condition for equilibrium to determine the weight of the bar and the tension in the string. Percent error was also computed. . Results and Discussion Activity 1 Tensions Magnitude (N) Position(0) TAI. 3105 300 1. 7962 2000 Experimental Equilibrant 0. 6241 3600 Theoretical Equilibrant 0. 5545 3560 % Error Table 1: Results of Activity 1 Table 1 shows the magnitude and the positions of the equilibrants and the tensions acting on the pans. The theoretical equilibrant of the two tensions was solved using he component method. The % error was computed using the values o btained by the component method as the accepted value for magnitude and the direction. Some factors that contributed the 13% error in this activity were the accuracy of the force table and its accessories used. Activity 2 Tl (N) 63 N (0) 440 T2 (N) 8. 7 N Experimental Weight (N) 6 N Theoretical Weight (N) 6. 3 N % Error 13. 2% Free Body Diagram of ring Table 2: Results of Activity 2 Table 2 shows the different unknown forces acting on the cylinder using the first condition for equilibrium. Some factors that contributed the 13. % error in this activity were the accuracy of the spring scale used and the pulling of the string horizontally. Activity 3 Weight of Square= 8. 36 g Weight of Circle= 6. 94 g Method Center of Gravity X- coordinate Y coordinate Plumb line Method 10 5. 2 Balancing Method 9. 55 4. 5 Computation 9. 54 5 Table 3: Results of Activity 3 Table 3 shows the x and y coordinates of the center of gravity of the component fgure using plumb line method, balancing method and the actual computation. In balancing method, a pen was placed in the middle of the composite figure wherein he plumb method, the group used a string with a coin at the end then hung it from computation was written in the manual. Activity 4 Reading of Spring Scale (N) 5 N Weight of cylinder (N) 5. 3238 N Experimental Weight of bar(N) 0. 7418 N Theoretical Weight of bar(N) 0. 7977 N % Error 7% Free Body Diagram of bar Table 4: Results of Activity 4 Table 4 shows the different unknown forces acting on the bar using the second condition for equilibrium. One factor that contributed the 7% error was due to the person holding the string at one end to make the cylinder bar in horizontal position 5. Conclusion Different activities in this experiment were accomplished to understand more about the conditions for equilibrium. Based from the results obtained by the group in the different activities, the group was able to determine the equilibrant force by using the force table and the component method. The unknown forces using the first and second conditions for equilibrium were determined. Using the square and circle fgure, the center of gravity of a composite body was located. Rotational equilibrium was demonstrated because the sum of all of the torques equals zero 6. Application 1 . State the first condition for equilibrium. If a body is in equilibrium, are there no forces acting on it? Equilibrium means the sum of all forces in all directions is equal to zero. It doesnt mean that there are no forces acting on it. It Just means that the forces that are acting on it are equal and opposite. 2. The Russell Traction system is used for a fractured femur. Identify the forces acting on the femur. If the weight hang is 5. 0 kg, find the force needed to immobilize the femur. What will supply this force? 3. What happens to the center of gravity of a person under the following situations? A. ) His upper right extremity is amputated. B. He carries all his books using the right arm only. )When ones upper right extremity is amputated, the center of gravity of the person would lean towards the right part of the body since the gravitational force on the remaining arm will push the center of gravity towards the right. b) When a person carries his books using only his right arm, the pull of gravity on the book would push the center of gravity of the body towards the left. 4. Devise a way by which you could determine your center of gravity. If the object is irregular in shape, the center of mass is always located closer to the more massive nd. Use felt pens to outline your partners body on a piece of butcher paper. Determine your partners approximate center of gravity by carefully cutting out the human outline and balancing it on your finger. Mark the center of gravity on your partners body with a piece of tape. Get a six foot piece of butcher paper and tape it feet. Mark their approximate center. Another way is to lie horizontally across the arm of a couch. The point where you are balanced is your center of gravity. 5. In general, the womens centers of gravity tend to be lower than mens. Can you explain why? Womens centers of gravity tend to be lower than mens because women have a bigger pelvis area. The skeletal structure of women make it so that their pelvis is bigger, since they will need the extra support come the time that they become pregnant, and their bodies support a baby. This means that the lower body of women is generally heavier in comparison to their whole body, as opposed to the lower body of men. This would make the center of gravity of women slightly lower, because more of their body mass is concentrated at the lower portion of their body.

The Values, Ideals, and Actions of Fanny Fern Essay -- Fanny Fern

The Values, Ideals, and Actions of Fanny Fern   Ã‚  Ã‚   Literature from the 1820à ¢s to the 1860à ¢s brought attention to the expanse of the American experience and gave rise to many unique voices. Some of the best writers of this era challenged their fellow citizens to live up to the ideals that the founding fathers had written into America's sacred documents. The voices that cast these challenges are as varied and wide spread in their approach as this nation's natural boundaries are diverse. Fanny Fern (1811-1872), was one of the writers who made a big splash with her fearless unconventionality during this literary renaissance. Her masterful use of satire and her belief that the ideal of individualism should include women, gained her enormous popularity and doomed her chances of being included in the American literary canon for over a century.    Fanny Fernà ¢s real name was Sarah Payson Willis Parton, but she used the pseudonym in all her legal affairs and with members of her family. Similar to Mark Twain in the sense that the pen names became more closely associated with the writers than their real names, Fern, like Twain, wrote satirical essays, sketches, and novels about the shortcomings of American society. For twenty-one years Fern reminded people that America needed to work on it problems with literature, education, prisons, prostitution, venereal disease, family planning, divorce, education, child rearing, and rights for women. Her unflinching, yet female perspective gained her enormous popularity. Although Fern did not completely abandon traditional womenà ¢s topics like love, marriage, and children, the most far-reaching issues that she addressed were economic independence for women and the need for improvements in dome... ...cked to comprehend and remember the attack, and to see a direction they may take for correction (Harris 15)." Fern gave us the ironic contrast between American citizensà ¢ values, ideals and actions.       Works Cited Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Self Reliance." The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. 1622-1638. Fern, Fanny. Ruth Hall & Other Writings. Ed. Joyce W. Warren. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1986. Harris, Robert. "The Purpose and Method of Satire." VirtualSalt 20 Aug. 1990. 13 April 2001. <http://www.virtualSalt.com/satire.htm> Warren, Joyce W. Fanny Fern: An Independent Woman. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1992. White, Barbara A. "Fanny Fern (Sara Willis Parton) 1811-1872." The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. 2037-2038.

Genetically- Modified Foods and Ingredients Essay

Visiting a supermarket has become a usual experience of each one of us. We have to read all the labels that warn us against genetically-modified ingredients and its expiry date. I, try myself to calm down that epidemic services take control over dangerous products. Yet, I have my doubts in eating my favorite snack, French fries that is done in a fast food. The cumulative effect of genetically-modified foods is particularly dangerous for sensitive populations, including kids, elderly people and people who have indigestion people and even us, whose normal healthy living people. I have studies literature on genetically-modified ingredients, trying to be objective in my judgment. Genetically-modified ingredients advance the modern biology achievements. These products and ingredients strengthen the resistance to herbicides and improve nutritional food contents. Genetically-modified (GM) foods production lessens time-consuming than conventional breeding. Molecular Biologists have not discovered yet how harmful GM products and ingredients are but they claim that GM foods may be environmentally hazardous. Only allergy was recognized as negative effect of GM foods. We, cannot break out from the GM products, since two-thirds of genetically modified crops are corn, cotton, soybeans, potatoes even the fruits we eat. This is just a sign that we should be well inform on what is going in our world especially in our foods that can affect our living. We cannot escape from this advancement in our modern world but we, people, can prevent this to have real healthy living life style.

Blue Gold World Water Wars - 2249 Words

The 2008 documentary â€Å"Blue Gold: World Water Wars† introduced the world to one of the most significant environmental concerns of the modern era. Directed by Sam Bozzo, this film brings to life the compelling story told by Maude Barlow and Tony Clarke in their 2002 international bestseller Blue Gold: The Battle against Corporate Theft of the World’s Water. It was first screened at the 2008 Vancouver International Film Festival where it won the audience award for Best Environmental Film. This film’s main message is that water is no longer a fundamental human right, but a privilege awarded only to those with the means to access it. Through its cinematic elements, â€Å"Blue Gold: World Water Wars† succeeds in conveying its main argument, which is that if nothing is done about water scarcity now, the wars of the future will be fought not over oil, but water. The environmental issue discussed in â€Å"Blue Gold: World Water Wars† is water scarcity, a broad term that refers to the notion that water is a finite resource subject to be exhausted if it is abused. According to the film, Earth has two different types of water. Salt water is mostly unusable to humans and constitutes about 97% of the water on Earth. Fresh water is where the world’s drinking water comes from and constitutes only 3% of the water on Earth. After explaining these statistics, Maude Barlow brings up the point that, until very recently, humans saw water as something that would constantly replenish itself as long as theShow MoreRelatedProblem with Privatization of Water in the Documentary Blue Gold: World Water Wars by Sam Bozo745 Words   |  3 PagesBlue Gold: World Water Wars I choose to watch the documentary by Sam Bozo â€Å"Blue Gold: World Water Wars†. 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As the story opens up, Silko makes it a point for the reader to realize the significance the jungle rain has in not only Tayo’s life, but in that of his cousin Rocky’s as well. â€Å"It was that rain whichRead MoreThe Marine Corps1579 Words   |  7 PagesMarines, and had the privilege of attending the Montford Marines’ Congressional Gold Medal ceremony in June 2012. Ladies and gentlemen, Gunny Sergeant Bagley. [Attention] On display at the Montford Point Marine Museum at Camp Johnson, North Carolina is a Marine Corps dress blues uniform. The uniform is identical to any other set of dress blues worn by Marines through the mid-1940s. Just like any other set of dress blues, the Marine who wore them went through a grueling period of training to earn

American Dream Derailed in The Great Gatsby and Death of a...

The American dream originated when immigrants came to America searching for new opportunities and a better life. In the early 1900’s all people could do is dream; however, those dreams gave many different meanings to the phrase â€Å"American dream†, and for the most part, wealth and hard work play a very large role in the pursuit of â€Å"the dream†. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, and Arthur Miller’s drama, Death of a Salesman, both protagonists, Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman, are convinced that the way to achieve a better life is by living the â€Å"American dream†. However, the dream does not end up successfully for these two characters. In fact, their ideals and hopes of rising to success cause their American dream to take a turn into†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"East Egg represents the established aristocracy, West Egg the self-made rich† (Sparknotes). West egg has new money which refers to wealth that has b een gained by working and East egg has old money which refers to money that has been inherited. Tom and Daisy were born into the American dream unlike Gatsby who has grown from a poor childhood to being a millionaire. Gatsby is known for his extravagant parties but people did not really know who Gatsby was. His parties symbolize his desperate need for attention though he through these drunken parties for the hope that Daisy will eventually show up to one of them. It may seem as if Gatsby has already achieved the American dream by the outside of his home. He demands esteem by showing off his wealth through purchases like when he says to Nick, â€Å"My house looks well doesn’t it? See how the whole front of it catches the light† (Fitzgerald 89). In the drama, Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller portrays Willy Loman, an average traveling salesman in Brooklyn who wants to live the dream. In the late 1940’s, the American dream was not so much of having an enormous amount of money, but a comfortable wealth and to be able to live a perfect modern American life. Willy Loman’s dream is to be successful in business and be someone who is â€Å"well-liked† by everyone. â€Å"Willy believes that personality, not hard work and innovation, is the key to success.†(The

Essay about Sky Towers in Itasehir, Istanbul - 528 Words

Sky Towers is a residential located in AtaÅŸehir,Istanbul and consists of two housings ; one 41 storeys high and the other 31 storeys high which were build in 2011. It is mainly successfully build place, however it does occur to have a few problems. To begin with the architecture, Sky Towers is build in a post-modernistic style which can be seen in the geometrical straight lines and the contrasting rather traditional roofs of the buildings, combining popular and old fashioned aspects of architeture. Considering the sense of control in this area; the territories are clearly marked with fences and walls surrounding the semi- public areas such as the playgrounds, pools and park of the lot. The territoriality of the lot and the way it is†¦show more content†¦Due to the high-rise buildings and six apartments per storey, and ca. 422 apartments in total these housings can easily create a perception of crowdiness. As for the topic of cultural backroungds the related desing does not include relatively much about the aspects of the Turkish practice, it is rather highly related to the metropolitan city life, offering as much as preferences in a limited area of space which can also be considered a rather ‘’ safe zone’’ guarded by security and cameras, lined by fences and walls distinguishing the outside ‘’public-space’’ form the inside ‘’private-place’’. One can see that the architects intention was to create a living space with a great variety of options to make the residents feel at home and safe and provide a character of a little city a or as the ancient Greeks called it a ‘’polis’’ by itself. In my opinion this design channels the intentions of the architect, and the ‘’crowded’’ feeling it leaves in the inhibitants might be seen as a disadvantage of the popul ar cosmopolit lifestyle in general. All in all, Sky Towers is a successful example of a home where individuals have a lot of opportunities to shape their lives, live peacefully, and have a sense of place. The apartments are cut relatively geometrically in shape which may be a factor in reducing the crowdiness. The architects intention to create a place with a

Judgment on Vanda Russell Gould v Deputy Commissioner †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Judgement on Vanda Russell Gould v Deputy Commissioner. Answer: Introduction: The case of Mr. Vanda Russell Gould and Deputy Commissioner of Taxation would be discussed in the report. The parties to the case were Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Vanda Russell Gould and Vanda Russell Gould vDeputy Commissioner of Taxation. In the first case Deputy Commissioner of Taxation was applicant and Vanda Russell Gould was respondent. In the second case Vanda Russell Gould was cross- claimant and applicant and Deputy Commissioner of Taxation was respondent and cross- respondent (Mathews 2014). In case of Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Vanda Russell Gould, Australian Government Solicitor was appointed for Deputy Commissioner of Taxation and the counsel for Mr. Vandra Russell Gould included Mr. D McGovern, Dr J Jaques and Mr. R A Jedrzejczyk (Begbie 2015). In case of Vanda Russell Gould vDeputy Commissioner of Taxation, the solicitor for Mr Vanda Russel Gould was Mark J Ord. The counsel for the Deputy Commissioner of Taxation included Mr. J Hyde Page and Mr T Bafley (Judgments.fedcourt.gov.au 2017). The Deputy Commissioner of Taxation had initiated an action to recover taxes and challenged the assessment filed by Mr. Vanda Gould. The Commissioner had obtained a number of documents from Cayman Islands, a foreign tax authority and used it as a basis to file an action against Mr. Vanda Gould (Dourado 2013). Mr. Vanda Gould applied for seeking a standard discovery against the action of Deputy Commissioner of Taxation on 2nd November, 2015. The provisions of Taxation Administration Act, 1953 were breached in the given case. Explanation of the Case and Sections Breached: The application of Mr. Vandra Gould was subject to r20.13 of the Federal Court Rules 2011 (Cth) (Stellios 2014). The claim of Mr. Gould challenged that the tax assessment were valid and claimed that officers of the commissioner were guilty of failure to comply with s13 of the Public Service Act 1999 (Cth). The Deputy Commissioner of Taxation had obtained some documents from the Cayman Islands, a foreign tax authority and used them (Griffiths 2016). This constituted conscious maladministration on the part of the Commissioner of Taxation and improper usage of the documents (Kulkarni 2014). In the cross- claim, three improprieties were claimed by the counsel appointed by Mr. Vanda Gould and sought standard discovery against the Commissioner (Legg 2013). The first of the three improprieties was the original request made by the Commissioner to the related authorities of the Cayman Islands for the purpose of obtaining the information. The counsel for Mr. Vanda claimed an inherent implausibility. The Australian Taxation Office used the documents obtained from Cayman Islands for the tax period which had not elapsed at the time the information was requested. The second impropriety was concerned with the disregard of a treaty entered into between the Australian Government and the authorities of the Cayman Islands. Counsel of Mr. Gould claimed that the disregard was by comparatively lower level employees of the Australian Taxation Office who were incompetent for the purpose. The third impropriety was related to what the Counsel of Gould claimed to be an act of criminal offence committed by Deputy Commissioner of Taxation. This propriety of members of Australian Taxation Office was a criminal act in the eyes of law of Cayman Islands as the officers had disclosed some confidential information of Mr. Gould (Clough and Roberts 2014). Thus, the counsel of Mr. Gould pleaded for standard discovery in the Federal Court of Australia. The federal Court of Australia had proposed some reforms in relation to grant of discovery which was made applicable for providing judgment in the case. The Federal Court Rules 2011 (Cth) contains revised regimes which deal with the discovery and the associated cost to discovery. It has enhanced judicial control on discovery. The new regimes require that a party applying for standard discovery must specify it clearly that a standard discovery is sought. They may otherwise state the proposed scope for the purpose of discovery. There are different rules for standard discovery and more extensive non- standard discovery. The new rules of the Federal court of Australia have set out the rules for standard discovery in rule 20.14. The concerned party may seek discovery of documents that are related to the issues mentioned in the affidavits or in the pleadings. Such issues must be within the control of the party and the party must become aware of the issue on conducting a reasonable search. The documents are considered to be directly related if the documents are used as the basis of reliance by the parties, these documents support the case of opposition party and affect the case of the applying party. Non- standard discovery can be sought by the parties only if direct relevant test and other relevant criteria of standard discovery cannot be applied. The order for discovery can be sought clearly elaborating the criteria that the parties want to apply. The Deputy Commissioner of Taxation issued submissions against the contention filled by the Counsel of Mr. Gould, partially by alleging that it was absolutely unnecessary to provide discovery which was sought in the pleaded case. It also alleged that standard discovery sought in the given case was irrelevant and a case of fishing expedition (Debelva and Diepvens 2016). Paragraph 17 of Counsel of Mr. Golds claim alleged that the request made by the Deputy Commissioner of Taxation on 23rd February, 2011 to the Cayman Islands Tax Information Authority (the Cayman Islands Authority) was not for a valid purpose as per the information exchange agreement related to the Exchange of Information with respect to taxes between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Cayman Islands. This allegation was subject to the terms of the request made by the Commissioner and construction of the information exchange agreement (Judgments.fedcourt.gov.au 2017). Paragraph 18 of the claim of Counsel of Mr. Gould alleged that the employees and officers of the Commissioner were aware that the information they sought from the Cayman Islands Authority would not be used for a valid purpose. However, the pleading made by the counsel of Mr. Gould did not indicate bad faith. It was not even pleading of being aware of doing a wrongful act. It provided only a part of the allegation and relied on the statement that was too general and which just stated that further particulars would be provided after the completion of discovery in the form of evidence. Thus, the pleadings, any particulars of the pleadings and the submissions made along the pleadings by the counsel of Mr. Gould in the cross- claim did not reflect any consciousness of wrongdoing in case they are relied upon. The terms of the pleadings made in the cross- claim failed to provide the state of the mind of employees and officers of Commissioner of Taxation. The judgement based on 16.43 in the case of Young Investments Group Pty Ltd v Mann (2012) 293 ALR 537 issued in September 2011, had concluded that allegations must clearly and particularly state the condition of mind. No standard or particular discovery can be ordered if there is a case of inappropriate fishing expedition (Kobal and Ivanc 2013). The Act provides that there is a fine line of significant difference between being conscious of an act which turns out to be wrong when committed and committing an act with conscious mind which was known to be wrong in the first place. Thus, there must be specific and clear pleadings on each of these matters. As per the description provided about the consciousness of committing a wrongful act and consciousness of merely a fact which might be wrong indicates that the allegation of awareness can arise only if an express finding that was conducted for the purpose indicates that the request made was not for a valid purpose as per the terms of information exchange agreement. A judgment was also delivered on the similar matter by the Grand Court in the Cayman Islands in which one group of people had a mal intention of carrying particular information and transmitting them despite the knowledge of the fact (Azzi 2016). Paragraph 19 of the claim alleged that the officers and employees of the Commissioner of Taxation were aware that the request made by them to the officers of the Cayman Islands Authority were not related to the tax periods enclosed by the agreement of information exchange. Paragraph 32 claimed that the employees and Officers of the Commissioner of Taxation obtained the documents from Cayman Islands Authority and raised the assessments that were already amended (Judgments.fedcourt.gov.au 2017). Decision of the Federal Court of Australia: The application made by the counsel of Mr. Vanda Russell Gould was dismissed by the Federal Court of Australia on 1st December, 2015. Judge Pagone J passed the judgement in the favor of Deputy Commissioner of Taxation. The Commissioners defense did not contest against the cross- claim made by the counsel of Mr. Gould. Neither the facts nor the dates of the information sought by the Commissioner of Taxation from the Cayman Islands Authority were under any sort of dispute. The cross- claim made by the counsel of Mr. Gould did not plead bad faith in relation to the Commissioner of Taxation. However, the submissions that accompanied the application for standard discovery, in contrast to pleading, sought discovery on the ground of advertence or consciousness of wrong doing. If any order is issued for standard discovery, it does not necessarily result in the discovery of the documents, as was presupposed in the submissions of Mr. Gould. Both, the Commissioner of Taxation and Mr. Gould agreed to the Practice Note CM5 of the Federal Court of Australia. The general practice of the court related to the discovery, as specified by the note, is facilitating quick, inexpensive and efficient resolution of the proceedings (Torgler 2016). Thus, in the given case, particular discovery seemed more appropriate than the standard discovery. Although the submissions made by Mr. Gould attempted to find specific matters, they did not provide any sufficient basis for gaining standard discovery. The standard discovery is not appropriate to focus with precision upon the issues on which the discovery is sought. In addition, the cross claim that contained an allegation regarding the consciousness of wrongdoing, also failed to provide sufficient particulars indicating any case that exists to justify that the discovery was not fishing expedition. The basis for this was the case of Trade Practices Commission v CC (NSW) Pty Ltd (1995) 58 FCR. The case had stated the meaning of fishing expedition. It required that the standard or particular recovery shall not be used as the basis for determining the existence of a case. The recovery only aims to compel the production of a document where is a clear evidence of existence of a case (Foleys.com.au 2017). There must be sufficient evidence to show that the party which is applying for the discovery has sufficient ground and a good case proof for the existence of a document and the recovery will further aid the document and the case. The facts presented in the pleading for a particular case must be capable of showing a clear distinction between fishing expedition and non- fishing expedition (Bannister 2014). The particular discovery was not granted in the case. This was because particular discovery can be sought only in appropriate application and discipline as required by r 20.2. It cannot be granted if the application is made in the discipline appropriate for the standard discovery. An application for particular discovery made specifically as is required by the discipline would facilitate the identification of the documents and categories of the documents with more precision. It would also be possible to assess the pleadings and the rise of need for a particular document in the course of specific proceedings. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be stated that the cross- claim made by Mr. Gould did not provide any sufficient ground on the basis of which standard discovery could be granted. The pleading was not made in the particular discipline. It failed to satisfy the criteria of relevant information for seeking the standard discovery. The counsel of Mr. Gould did not provide any specific case that could justify that the action of the Deputy Commission of Taxation was not a fishing expedition. Considering the facts presented in the case, a particular discovery could have been granted, in case the same was applied by the counsel of Mr. Gould. However, since the pleading was for standard discovery and the conditions for the grant of standard discovery were not satisfied, the Federal Court of Australia dismissed the application of Mr. Vanda Russell Gould. References: Azzi, J., 2016. Practical injustice in the context of private tax rulings.UNSWLJ,39, p.1096. Bannister, J., Appleby, G., Olijnyk, A. and Howe, J., 2014.Government Accountability. Cambridge University Press. Begbie, T., 2015. Role and significance of the solicitor on the record.Legal Briefing, (107), p.2. Clough, M. and Roberts, J., 2014. Commissioner of taxation wins appeal upholding tax assessment issued to.Australian Resources and Energy Law Journal,33(2), p.93. Debelva, F. and Diepvens, N., 2016. Exchange of Information. An Analysis of the Scope of Article 26 OECD Model and Its Requirements: In Search for an Efficient but Balanced Procedure.Intertax,44(4), pp.298-306. Dourado, A.P., 2013. Exchange of information and validity of global standards in tax law: Abstractionism and expressionism or where the truth lies. Foleys.com.au, 2017. Cases Update for Private Groups [online] Available at: https://www.foleys.com.au/resources/The%20Tax%20Institute_cases%20update%20paper_12.9.2016.pdf [Accessed 19 Jan. 2017]. Griffiths, J.J., 2016. Recognition of Foreign Administrative Acts in Australia. InRecognition of Foreign Administrative Acts(pp. 51-89). Springer International Publishing. judgments.fedcourt.gov.au, 2017. Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Gould [2015] FCA 1345. [online] Judgments.fedcourt.gov.au. Available at: https://www.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au/judgments/Judgments/fca/single/2015/2015fca1345 [Accessed 19 Jan. 2017]. Kobal, A. and Ivanc, T., 2013. The Quality of Taxation with an Emphasis on Topical Issues Regarding Tax Declaratory Procedure.International Journal of Academic Research,5(6). Kulkarni, N., 2014. Validity of assessments in Pt IVC proceedings: Reconciling Gashi and McAndrew.Tax Specialist,17(5), p.196. Legg, M., 2013. Know your general from your standard discovery:[Litigation lawyers need to be clear on the type of discovery being ordered under the new Federal Court requirements, especially if it is different from standard discovery.].Law Society Journal: the official journal of the Law Society of New South Wales,51(1), p.36. Mathews, M., 2014. International exchange of information: An Australian perspective.Tax Specialist,17(3), p.131. Stellios, J., 2014. The centralisation of judicial power within the Australian federal system.Federal Law Review (FLR),42(2), pp.14-45. Torgler, B., 2016. Tax Compliance and Data: What Is Available and What Is Needed.Australian Economic Review,49(3), pp.352-364.

Relationship Between Internal Internal Audit-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Relationship Between Internal Internal Audit? Answer: Introducation There are seven external forces or the factors that have laid down a huge impact upon the business operations of Goodwill. These forces are the key factors that influence the marketing and the business efforts in an in-depth manner. For any business organisation, it is very much essential to have a proper analysis of these factors so that the organisation do not face external risk and can have long term sustainability (Honderich, 2016). The seven forces comprises of competitive environment force, economic environment force, political and legal environment force, technological environment force, sociocultural environment force, demographic environment force an environment force. The competitive forces are the competition that exists between the organisations in the market. The competitive forces that have impacted Goodwill comprise of both domestic as well as the international players. There are two domestic competitors i.e. Second Life Recycling and Mid-Atlantic Clothing Recycling (B rimmer, 2012). These organisations give competition to Goodwill in respect with the donations for cloths. There are other competitors that influence the business functions of Goodwill comprise of CenterState, NPC, American Trust, etc. (Owler, 2017). These organisations pose a direct impact upon Goodwill and also because of a tough competition from such organisations; Goodwill has to suffer a lot of business crisis. The second external environmental force is the economic environment which comprises of wealth, productivity, interest rates, inflation, income and employment. These are the factors that have a great influence upon the behaviour of the individuals and the business organisations. From the economic point, Goodwill has been influenced as they key reason behind the shutting down of the store was the financial crisis which ultimately have an impact upon the business. Because of the various factors behind the cash flow crisis such as paying salaries to the employees, decreased rate of donations and various other factors has resulted in shut down of the Goodwill store. The third environment force is the political and legal environment which impacts when there are formation of regulations and laws implemented by the government that has a direct impact on the way a business operates. The political and legal forces for goodwill comprises of the factors such as according to the collective agreem ent policies and regulations, the company was required to offer a notice of period of 30 days to 60 days to the employees before they are planning to shut down the store. But there was a sudden shut down of the stores without any prior information. Such incidents considers as voiding of the set regulations and laws of the agreement. Thus, there were a number of legal suits against the store that has impacted the functioning of the organization (Brazo, 2016). The fourth force is technological environment force which has impacted Goodwill, its market opportunities new markets and business functions. The technological force has impacted Goodwill as relying upon the free donations, the organisation has not ensured that it is technologically updated and hasnt taken use of innovative and pioneering technologies. This laid a negative impact upon the business functions. As there were less returns, ineffective balance of business function such as collection of donations and their assembling and resale. Thus, lacking on the grounds of technological platforms, the organisation failed to manage the financial crisis and thus it shut down. The fifth force is the sociocultural environment force which impacts the business organisations by the various cultural and social practices as well as traditions and beliefs of a particular society (Bekkers and Wiepking, 2011). There are various cultural values, beliefs and traditions which govern the society as we ll as also the business function. In case of goodwill, being an organisation working for good societal cause, it was essential that the organisation always remained ethical as well as moral in all its business operations. But taking away of the jobs of hundreds of people with sudden shut down without any prior info is one of the most unethical and socially immoral actions of the company (Ross, 2016). Thus, it has violated the beliefs and values of the society which had developed a completely deteriorate image of the organisation as it has not only ruined the organisation financially but also socially which can be an extreme negative factor for its other branches. The sixth environment force is the demographic environment force that relates to the characteristics of the total population which are used by the business organisations for segmenting the market that comprises of race, gender, income, ethnicity and age (Michel and Rieunier, 2012). There is also an impact of this force on G oodwill as there were many a times as it was found that from the basis of gender, the women were found to be more active in donations in comparison with male individuals. The second factor that impact Goodwill is the perception of the donor in respect with the people who are getting from such donation as if they are of same culture, them n there is more number of donation and if there is difference in culture or race, the level of donations is less. The next and the last force is natural environment force that of the comprises of the impact led down because of the raw materials, natural resources and the various other forces that can impact the business environment. The influence on Goodwill of the natural environment force is that at the time natural calamities there is an impact on the working of such organisations such as the support of the various organisations, government and various other institutes are given to those regions instead of these organisations (Snipes and Oswald, 2010). Explain what management philosophy (classical or behavioral) would be most suitable for Goodwill and why? There are two renowned management philosophy theories i.e. classical management theory and the behavioral management theory. The behavioral management theory is in concern with the human behaviour and human relations various the various human dimensions of work are addressed. The theorists of behavioral management theory believes that there is a need to have a better understanding of the human behaviour so that there can be improved productivity, enhanced level of motivation, decrease conflicts and higher expectation level in the business organisations (Brazo, 2016). The theorists of behavioral management believe that the organisational employees are not just the workers but the individuals, the key assets and resources of the organisation which are required to be developed (Beach and Lipshitz, 2017). The key emphasis of this theory is on the satisfaction and development of the employees rather than just organisational benefits. The second important theory is classical management the ory that explains that there is just a single or one best way to manage the tasks, employees as well as performances. There are two parts of this theory i.e. classical administrative and classical scientific. According to the classical scientific, the entire focus is upon increasing the organisational efficiency and productivity where the managers find one best way for managing organisational functions (Simon, 2013). The second is classical administrative where there is focus on entire organisations rather than just on productivity (Honderich, 2016). There is more of bureaucracy rule which is there upon the employees and they are required to just follow the orders. According to this theory of management, the organisations take sole decisions irrespective of the impact upon the employees and thus there are several negative outcomes of implementing this theory in the organisation (Vasu, Stewart and Garson, 2017). In case of Goodwill, the organisation is required to incorporate and implement the bureaucratic management theory instead of the classical management philosophy. The primary reason behind recommending the bureaucratic management philosophy is that because of a sudden shut down of the store as well as snatching the jobs of hundreds of people has raised a voice against the company among the individuals (Ross, 2016). To have efficient and successful working in future, it is essential that Goodwill must consider about the employees in a more emphasized way. If Goodwill will take use of the bureaucratic management philosophy then it will be able to take better decisions which do not have such negative impacts upon the employees (Maag, 2016). With bureaucratic management philosophy, the employees will be treated as the assets and their needs and recognitions will also be considered. Thus, consequences of taking decisions related to shutting down of the stores without any information to the employees and fierceness from the side of employees will not take place in bureaucratic management of the employees. Thus, it is concluded that the behavioral management philosophy would be more suitable for goodwill in order to manage its business, organisational management and the employees (Frederickson and Ghere, 2013). What business-level strategy would you recommend for Goodwill and why? The primary reason behind the failure of Goodwill and shutting down of the stores was financial crisis or cash flow crisis. This was because of the inadequacy to attract cash inflows. Thus, to overcome the crisis and to have better functions in future, there was is a need to have change in the business level strategy. The key competency of any organisation should have its major emphasis upon the satisfaction of the references and needs of the customers and attaining more than average returns and to accomplish this purpose, the organisations take use of the business level strategies. The business level strategies help the organisations in achieving competitive benefit as well as offering value to the customers by exploiting core competencies. The most preferable strategy recommended for Goodwill is the Integrated Low Cost/Differentiation Strategy (Brazo, 2016). With the advent of globalization, there are number of organisations that have started implementing the integrated low cost/di fferentiation strategy so that they can adapt the various environmental changes as well as can learn innovative technology to provide differentiated products and services but at low cost (Honderich, 2016). With the help of this strategy, Goodwill can have improvement in its various competencies that comprises of having increased adaptability to the several environmental modifications and changes, developing new skills and technologies and effectively leveraging the key competencies across all the product lines and business units that enables Goodwill to offer the customers with more differentiated products at low price. Therefore, the customers will realize benefit in both through the low cost products as well as with value based product features (Brazo, 2016). With the help of the integrated low cost/differentiation business level strategy Goodwill may be capable enough to overcome its cash flow crisis by consistently reducing the costs and adding differentiated feature to attract more number of customers. Through this strategy, Goodwill be able to have efficiency in majorly three factors and the first is accessing flexible manufacturing systems. Goodwill can work on flexible manufacturing system which is a process that is controlled by the computers and is used to produce a diverse set of products in flexible and moderate quantities. As there are products gained from the donations, so Goodwill has an opportunity to segregate those products or have their recycled manufacturing so that there can be offered new and diversified products to the customers and more sales can be generate through auctions of selling of those products (Mcfarland, 2016). It enables Goodwill to take the advantage of low cost as it would take no cost to sell the produ cts directly or very low cost to make a few changes in them and sell. It will enhance the ability of Goodwill to engage in an integrated differentiated/low cost strategy and to earn more revenue. This strategy will also help Goodwill in developing information network among the various stores of the companies. The strong information networks enable the various chains or stores of the company to develop effective co-ordination of the interdependencies that are there among the external and internal value creating activities for enhancing the level of responsiveness and flexibility (Ross, 2016). In case of goodwill, there was no information passed to the employees regarding the shutting down of the stores of goodwill and this was because of ineffective in formation network. If the company will adopt such integrated business level strategy then it will result in better flow of information. The next advantage and reason because of which Goodwill must implement the integrated low cost/diff erentiated strategy is achieving total quality management systems. There is establishment of these systems for improvement in the internal value-creating activities performance. It helps in fetching the attention of the customers by offering them differentiated and low cost advantage. Thus, from the overall analysis, the most recommended business level strategy which can benefit Goodwill the most is integrated low cost/differentiated strategy (CBC News, 2016). Explain in detail the kind of structure Goodwill likely had- traditional or modern? There are two kinds of organisational structure i.e. traditional and modern. The traditional organisational structure demonstrates the structure as hierarchical where there is flow of power in a vertical and upward manner and the workforce is departmentalized. There is a chain of command which is required to be followed by the employees and have to work in accordance with that. The structure is disciplined, organized and hierarchical. In the modern organisation structure, there is a boundary-less organisation that possesses high level of collaboration and strong networking with each other (March, 2013). There are continuous innovations and operations take place on growing technologies. There is acceptance new business challenge and opportunities as well as there is frequenting setting up of goals. In case of Goodwill, if analyzed, it has been identified that there the organisation possesses a traditional organisational structure rather than modern structure. It can be analyzed becaus e of the various facts that came into existence (Mcfarland, 2016). The first most important factor that shows the existence of traditional structure is the involvement or no engagement of the employees in the decision making. The employees heard the news of the shutting down of the stores of Goodwill by other people or when the visit the store very next day. Such incidents prove that the decision making at Goodwill is completely without the consideration of the employees (Ahrne, Brunsson and Seidl, 2016). The second factor that shows traditional organisational structure is the information network, opposite to the modern organisational structures, there does not take place an effective flow of communication as there are no direct information networks and thus the employees were not informed regarding the financial condition of the organisation as well as its planning to shut down the stores (Ashkenas, et al., 2015). Thus, such like in traditional structures, the higher authorities take decisions similarly it happened at Goodwill and the employees just needed to follow the same. At Goodwill, each and every department has its particular and fixed regulations and rules that every employee with a specific job description has to follow (Grace, 2016). The employees also have accountability to their superiors and works upon a single strategy that has been set in the annual year of the organisation with no flexibility to mold or have modifications in the business functions as per the need of t he situation (Hatch and Cunliffe, 2013). There is high level of rigidity in the decision making at Goodwill which demonstrates that the structure is extremely traditional. Because of the increased level of rigidity and no space for flexibility, the organisation not able to manage the challenges and had to face huge cash flow crisis. This was one of the outcomes of working on traditional organisational structure in a globalized economy. Thus, it can be stated that Goodwill had more likely to worked and function upon the traditional organisational structure which being one of the factors behind the failure and shutting down off the store of Goodwill (Verle, et al., 2014). Was there good governance at Goodwill (south Ontario branch)? Explain why or why not. Good governance is the approach for making as well as implementing the decisions in the organisation. It is not related only to correct decision making rather having a best possible approach for decision making. There are various characteristics of good governance that impacts good decision making. Good governance has majorly eight different aspects that comprises of being inclusive and equitable, effective and efficient, responsive, transparent, accountable, consensus oriented and participatory and follow the rule of law (Grindle, 2012). The basic aim of implementing good governance is that the voice of the vulnerable among the society are been considered in decision making, had consideration towards the minorities an there is minimized corruption (Mcfarland, 2016). Working in good governance also means that the organisation is responsive towards the future as well as present needs of the society and the masses. But it can be said that there was no existence of food governance at th e South Ontario branch of Goodwill. This can be analyzed by evaluating the Goodwill with the various lenses of good governance (Suyono and Hariyanto, 2012). Accountability at Goodwill The organisation lacks at the aspect of accountability as the reports, data and the other information never disclosed the actual performance if the organisation. As well as the sudden shut down of the store has raised certain questions from the society and the employees which were left unanswered. Thus, in respect with accountability, Goodwill does not have good governance (CBC News, 2016). Transparency at Goodwill In respect with transparency, the decision making process of Goodwill was neither able followed nor understandable by the individuals. They were not able to see that how and why the decisions were made which shows that there was lack of information, consultation and advice in resect with decision making. Thus, in respect with transparency, Goodwill does not have good governance. Follow up of Rule of Law at Goodwill Follow up of the rule of law states that the decisions are in accordance with the legislation and are consistent. But in accordance with the various employment related laws, Goodwill has violated all the laws as there was no information or notice passed to the employees of a minimum time period informing bout the crisis following at Goodwill. Thus, the sudden shut down of store and unemployment of the employees was against the rule of law. Thus, in respect with follow up of rule of law, Goodwill does not have good governance (Fowler, 2013). Responsiveness at Goodwill This means that there must be responsiveness for serving the needs of the community and developing a balance in the revenues earned, decision making and responsiveness towards the society. But because of the decisions of Goodwill most of the societies suffered a lot which shows an irresponsive behaviour. Thus, in respect with responsiveness, Goodwill does not have good governance. Inclusiveness and Equitability at Goodwill All the organisational as well as community members do not feel that their interests are met by the decision making process of Goodwill. There can be seen equity and inclusiveness from the point of offering opportunity to the individuals for employment (Ross, 2016). Efficiency and Effectiveness at Goodwill There cannot be seen efficiency and effectiveness in the working and decision making process of Goodwill as it does not able to cope up with the cash flow crisis in an efficient manner and as a result there was shutting down of the store. Thus, in respect with efficiency and effectiveness, Goodwill does not have good governance (Gray, 2016). Participation at Goodwill There was no involvement or participation of the employees and the community in the decision making process as there was no flow of information to the members neither there was offered an opportunity to give recommendations. Thus, in respect with participation, Goodwill does not have good governance. Consensus Oriented work at Goodwill The decisions taken at Goodwill were not consensus oriented which led to number of conflicts and the employees had a revolt against the unethical decision making of the organisation. Thus, in respect with consensus oriented decision making, Goodwill does not have good governance (Mojtehedzadeh, 2016). References Ahrne, G., Brunsson, N., Seidl, D. (2016). Resurrecting organization by going beyond organizations.European Management Journal,34(2), 93-101. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T., Kerr, S. (2015).The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Beach, L. R., Lipshitz, R. 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